MCQ's of Cell in Cytology

 Hello friends in today's article, we see the MCQ's of Cell in cytology. so let's see one by one mcq of cytology.

MCQ's of Cell in Cytology:

1.  Which structure within the cell produces ATP (adenosine triphosphate)?

A.    the mitochondria

B.    the nucleus

C.    peripheral proteins

D.    the endoplasmic reticulum

2.  Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell plasma membrane?

A.    cholesterol

B.    proteins

C.    microfilaments

D.    phospholipids

3.  Which list below contains the four types of tissue?

A.    extracellular fluid, skeletal tissue, glandular tissue, connective tissue.

B.    extracellular fluid, muscle tissue, glandular tissue, cartilaginous tissue.

C.    neural tissue, skeletal tissue, epithelial tissue, cartilaginous tissue.

D.    Neural tissue, muscle tissue, epithelial tissue, connective tissue.

4.  Except for one, the following are types of cells. Which one is NOT a type of cell?

A.    platelets

B.    leucocytes

C.    macrophages

D.    osteoblasts

5.  In which part of a cell does the process of making ATP from oxygen and glu- cose take place?

A.    lysosomes

B.    ribosomes

C.    mitochondria

D.    golgi apparatus

6.  Which of the following is a function of membrane proteins?

A.    to process lipids and proteins for secretion through the plasma membrane

B.    to act as receptors for hormones

C.    to synthesise proteins from amino acids

D.    to act as a cytoskeleton to support and shape the cell

7.  What is the difference between simple squamous cells and simple columnar cells?

A.    squamous cells are flattened while columnar cells are taller than they are wide.

B.    simple squamous cells are one layer thick while simple columnar cells are several layers thick.

C.    simple squamous cells are epithelial tissue while simple columnar cells are connective tissue.

D.    squamous cells are flattened while columnar cells are cuboidal.

8.  Which of the following is NOT an example of a cell?

A.    macrophages

B.    lysosomes

C.    plasmocytes

D.    chondroblasts

9.  Which cell organelles contain an acidic environment capable of digesting a wide variety of molecules?

A.    Lysosomes

B.    Ribosomes

C.    Centrosomes

D.    Golgi complex

10.  Which form of transport through the plasma membrane requires the expendi- ture of energy by the cell?

A.    Facilitated diffusion

B.    Osmosis

C.    Active transport

D.    Diffusion

11.  Which of the tissue types below consists of a single layer of cells?

A.    stratified squamous epithelial tissue

B.    glandular epithelium

C.    areolar connective tissue

D.    simple columnar epithelial tissue

12.  One of the following is NOT a serous membrane. Which one?

A.    pleura

B.    peritoneum

C.    mucosa

D.    pericardium

13.  Which of the following is NOT made predominantly from epithelial tissue?

A.    In the dermis

B.    In exocrine glands

C.    In endocrine glands

D.    In the endothelium of blood vessels

14.  What are tendons and ligaments composed of?

A.    Dense connective tissue

B.    Liquid connective tissue

C.    Muscular tissue

D.    Epithelial tissue

15.  What is the composition of the intercellular matrix in connective tissue?

A.    Cells and fibres

B.    Serous and mucus membranes and lamina propria

C.    Protein fibres and ground substance

D.    Interstitial fluid

       Read moe MCQ's of Atom and molecules

    Read more MCQ's of Acid and  Base

16.  Which statement about the plasma membrane is INCORRECT?

A.    It is selectively permeable.

B.    It is composed of two layers of glycoprotein molecules.

C.    It contains receptors for specific signalling molecules.

D.    The plasma membranes of adjacent cells are held together by desmosomes.

17.  Which of the following is NOT epithelial tissue?

A.    the epidermis

B.    glandular tissue

C.    the internal lining of blood vessels

D.    the dermis

18.  Which of the following is NOT a cell found in connective tissue?

A.    adipocytes

B.    chondroblasts

C.    keratinocytes

D.    osteoblasts

19.  What tissue has cells that are closely packed and that have one surface attached to a basement membrane and the other free to a space?

A.    epithelial tissue

B.    muscle tissue

C.    connective tissue

D.    nervous tissue

20.  What is the name of the mechanism that ensures that there is a higher concen- tration of sodium ions in the extracellular fluid than in the intracellular fluid?

A.    Facilitated diffusion

B.    The sodium-potassium pump

C.    Secondary active transport

D.    Osmosis

21.  What are lysosomes, centrosomes and ribosomes example of?

A.    stem cells

B.    organelles within a cell

C.    sensory receptors in the dermis

D.    exocrine glands

22.  What does simple columnar epithelial tissue refer to? Tissue with

A.    a single layer of cells longer than they are wide.

B.    a single layer of cells whose length, breadth and depth are about the same size.

C.    several layers of cells, all of the same type.

D.   several layers of cells but without a basement membrane.

23.  Which of the following is NOT an example of connective tissue?

A.    blood

B.    bone

C.    tendon

D.    epidermis

24.  What is the function of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

A.    to maintain the intracellular fluid at a similar composition to that of the interstitial fluid.

B.    to form channels to selectively allow passage of small molecules.

C.    to act as receptors for signalling chemicals.

D.    to present a barrier to the passage of water-soluble molecules.

25.  Which one of the following cell types is found in epithelial tissue?

A.    plasma cells

B.    leucocytes

C.    keratinocytes

D.    chondroblasts

26.  Which of the following is NOT part of the plasma membrane of a cell?

A.    integral proteins

B.    glycoproteins

C.    plasma proteins

D.    peripheral proteins

27.  A major role for mitochondria is to

A.    transcribe the information in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

B.    produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

C.    synthesise proteins from amino acids

D.    use enzymes to lyse molecules

28.  Choose the tissue below that is one of the four primary types of body tissue.

A.    epidermal tissue

B.    epithelial tissue

C.    interstitial tissue

D.    osseous tissue

29.  What are the primary types of tissue in the body?

A.    Muscle, nervous, connective and epithelial

B.    Muscle, nervous, connective, osseous and epithelial

C.    Muscle, nervous, connective, osseous, blood and epithelial

D.    Muscle, nervous, connective, glandular and epithelial

30.  What is the name of the membrane that surrounds the lungs?

A.    visceral peritoneum

B.    parietal peritoneum

C.    visceral pleura

D.    dura mater

31.  What is a role performed by mitochondria?

A.    contain enzymes capable of digesting molecules

B.    produce ATP

C.    synthesise proteins

D.    synthesise fatty acids, phospholipids & cholesterol

32.  Which of the following is NOT found in the plasma membrane?

A.    proteins

B.    cholesterol

C.    endoplasmic reticulum

D.    phospholipids

33.  Which one of the following cell types is found in epithelial tissue?

A.    mast cells

B.    adipocytes

C.    chondroblasts

D.    keratinocytes

34.  Which of the following is NOT part of the plasma membrane of a cell?

A.    phospholipid

B.    glycoprotein

C.    chromatin

D.    cholesterol

35.  A major role for mitochondria is to

A.    synthesise fatty acids, phospholipids & steroids

B.    deliver lipids and proteins to plasma membrane for secretion

C.    synthesise proteins from amino acids

D.    produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

36.  Choose the tissue below that is NOT one of the four primary types of body tissue.

A.    connective tissue

B.    muscular tissue

C.    nervous tissue

D.    osseous tissue

37.  What is the purpose of mitochondria?

A.    to store the nucleolus and chromatin

B.    to produce adenosine triphosphate

C.    to support and shape the cell.

D.    they produce enzymes to break down molecules

38.  The plasma membrane of a cell contains molecules that have a hydrophobic end and a hydrophilic end What are they called?

A.    phospholipids

B.    cholesterol

C.    integral proteins

D.    glycoproteins

39.  Adipocytes are found in which type of tissue?

A.    muscle tissue

B.    epithelial tissue

C.    nervous tissue

D.    connective tissue

40.  What is the role of mitochondria? To:

A.    function in cell division

B.    synthesise proteins

C.    form part of the plasma membrane

D.    synthesise fatty acids, phospholipids and steroids.

41.  Which one of the following cell types is found in epithelial tissue?

A.    mast cells

B.    adipocytes

C.    chondroblasts

D.    melanocytes

42.  What is the difference between “loose” connective tissue (CT) and “dense” connective tissue?

A.    Fibres occupy most of the volume in dense CT

B.    Dense CT includes cartilage, loose CT does not.

C.    Loose CT has a good blood supply while dense CT does not.

D.    Loose CT has no fibres (and dense CT does).

43.  Facilitated diffusion refers to the process of

A.    movement along a concentration gradient assisted by protein carrier molecules.

B.    movement of ions and molecules along a concentration gradient.

C.    transport of molecules and ions against their concentration gradient.

D.    water movement through a semi-permeable membrane

44.  What do fibroblasts, chondroblasts, osteoblasts and haemocytoblasts have in common?

A.    they are all types of white blood cell.

B.    they are all macrophages.

C.    they are all immature cells.

D.    they are all types of epithelial cell.

45.  Which is NOT true of connective tissue (CT)?

A.    the cells are closely packed

B.    the tissue contains protein fibres and ground substance.

C.    types include loose CT, dense CT and liquid CT

D.    CT contains white blood cells.

46.  Active transport across the plasma membrane may be described by which statement?

A.    active transport requires energy from ATP.

B.    active transport is also known as endocytosis.

C.    active transport moves molecules along their concentration gradient.

D.    active transport is the movement of lipid-soluble molecules through the plasma membrane.

47.  Which of the following cell types denotes an immature cell?

A.    macrophages

B.    monocytes

C.    osteoblasts

D.    ribosomes

48.  Choose the membrane that is NOT a serous membrane.

A.    pleura

B.    peritoneum

C.    pericardium

D.    lamina propria

49.  Which organelle is the site of ATP production?

A.    the nucleus

B.    endoplasmic reticulum

C.    mitochondria

D.    golgi apparatus

50.  Which of the following is ONE major function of epithelial cells?

A.    movement

B.    secretion

C.    support of other cell types

D.    transmit electrical signals

51.  What are the major types of tissue in the body?

A.    nervous, muscle, epithelial, connective.

B.    squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional.

C.    osteocytes, chondrocytes, leucocytes, adipocytes.

D.    protein, adipose, cartilage, osseous.

52.  Which of the following is NOT one of the organelles within a cell?

A.    desmosome

B.    endoplasmic reticulum

C.    mitochondrion

D.    golgi apparatus

53.  Which list contains the main body tissue types?

A.    glandular, connective, osseous, nervous

B.    epithelial, nervous, connective, muscle.

C.    endothelial, connective, muscle, cartilaginous

D.    epithelial, cartilaginous, muscle, glandular

54.  The process of “diffusion” through a membrane may be described by which of the following?

A.    the movement of ions and molecules away from regions where they are in high concentration towards regions where they are in lower concentration.

B.    the use of energy from ATP to move ions and small molecules into regions where they are in lower concentration.

C.    the plasma membrane engulfs the substance and moves it through the membrane.

D.    the use of energy from ATP to move water molecules against their concen- tration gradient

55.  The process of “active transport” through a membrane may be described by which of the following?

A.    the movement of ions and small molecules away from regions where they are in high concentration.

B.    the use of energy from ATP to move ions and small molecules into regions where they are in lower concentration.

C.    the plasma membrane engulfs the substance and moves it through the membrane.

D.    the use of energy from ATP to move ions and small molecules against their concentration gradient.

56.  Which of the following is the smallest living structural unit of the body?

A.    atom

B.    molecule

C.   organelle

D.    cell

57.  Which of the following enables ions such as sodium to cross a plasma membrane?

A.    phospholipid bilayer

B.    peripheral proteins

C.    integral proteins

D.    desmosomes

58.  Cell membranes can maintain a difference in electrical charge between the inte- rior of the cell and the extracellular fluid. What is this charge difference called?

A.    excitability

B.    the membrane potential

C.    the action potential

D.    the sodium-potassium pump

59.  The resting membrane potential of a cell is the consequence of which of the following concentrations of ions?

A.    High K+ and Cl− outside the cell and high Na+ and large anions inside the cell.

B.    High K+ and Na+ outside the cell and high Cl− and large anions inside the cell.

C.    High Cl− and Na+ outside the cell and high K+ and large cations inside the cell.

D.    High Ca2+ and Na+ outside the cell and high K+ and large cations inside the cell.

60.  What is one function of mitochondria? To

A.    produce enzymes to break down molecules

B.    produce molecules of ATP

C.    hold adjacent cells together

D.    allow passage of molecules through the plasma membrane

61.  Membrane proteins perform the following functions EXCEPT one. Which One?

A.    form the glycocalyx

B.    act as receptor proteins

C.    form pores to allow the passage of small solutes

D.    behave as enzymes.

62.  Facilitated diffusion differs from active transport because facilitated diffusion:

A.    requires energy from ATP

B.    moves molecules from where they are in lower concentration to higher  concentration

C.    moves molecules from where they are in higher concentration to lower  concentration.

D.    involves ions & molecules that pass through membrane channels.

63.  Which of the following is NOT a connective tissue?

A.    blood

B.    mesothelium

C.    fat

D.    tendon

64.  The cells that are found in tendons are called:

       A.    osteocytes

 B.    adipocytes

C.    haemocytoblasts

D.    fibroblasts

65.  Which one of the following terms best describes the structure of the cell membrane:

A.    fluid mosaic model

B.    static mosaic model

C.    quaternary structure

    D.    multilayered structure

66.  Which one of the following terms best describes a phospholipid. It consists of a:

A.    polar head and polar tail

B.    non-polar head and a polar tail

C.    polar head and non-polar tail

D.    non-polar head and a non-polar tail

67.  One of the functions of integral proteins in cell membranes is to:

A.    maintain the rigid structure of the cell

B.    support mechanically the phospholipids

C.    interact with the cytoplasm

D.    form channels for transport functions

68.  Which one of the following best describes what a cell membrane consists of?

A.    lipids, proteins, ribosomes

B.    lipids, cholesterol, proteins

C.    cholesterol, proteins, cytoplasm

D.    lipids, proteins, cytoplasm

69.  Which one of the following organelles is considered as the “energy producing” centre of the cell?

A.    rough endoplasmic reticulum

B.    Golgi apparatus

C.    mitochondria

D.    ribosomes

70.  What is the major function of lysosomes? They:

A.    package proteins

B.    detoxify toxic substances

C.    catalyse lipid metabolism

D.    digest unwanted particles within the cell

71.  What is the purpose of the “sodium/potassium pump”

A.    to perform endocytosis.

B.    to move sodium and potassium by facilitated diffusion.

C.    to perform bulk transport through the plasma membrane.

D.    To produce a concentration gradient for sodium ions

72.  Which of the following is NOT a type of cell?

A    .    ribosome

B.    haemocytoblast

C.    neutrophil

D.    phagocyte

73.  What is the name of the mechanism that ensures that there is a higher concen- tration of sodium ions in the extracellular fluid than in the intracellular fluid?

A.    Facilitated diffusion

B.    The sodium-potassium pump

C.    Secondary active transport

D.    Osmosis

74.  What is the name given to the type of transport where glucose or an amino acid binds to a receptor protein on the plasma membrane, which then moves the molecule into the cell without the expenditure of energy?

     A.    facilitated diffusion

B.    bulk transport

C.    secondary active transport

D.    active transport

75.  What is the name given to the movement of glucose or amino acids from the gut into the cells lining the gut, when they bind to a transport protein that has also bound a sodium ion. The sodium ion is entering the cell along its concentration gradient.

A.    facilitated diffusion

B.    the sodium potassium pump

C.    active transport

D.    secondary active transport

76.  Mitochondria produce which of the following?

A.    ATP

B.    DNA

C.    RNA

      D.    proteins

77.  Why does the plasma membrane of a cell present a barrier to the movement of electrolytes through it?

      A.    There are no channels in the membrane for the passage of electrolytes.

B.    Electrolytes are not soluble in the lipid of the membrane.

C.    Electrolytes are too large to pass through membrane channels.

      D.    Membrane proteins electrically repel charged particles.

78.  Which of the following statements about “leak channels” in the plasma mem- brane is correct?

A.    Proteins that form these channels bind to solutes to allow them to pass into the cell.

B.    They are passageways formed by proteins to allow water and ions to move passively through the membrane.

C.    They allow small ions and molecules to move between adjacent cells.    

D.    They are formed by glycoprotein and proteoglycans to allow hormones to enter cells.

79.  What are the primary types of body tissue?

    A.    connective tissue, blood, muscle tissue, nervous tissue, epithelial tissue.

B.    muscle tissue, osseous tissue, epithelial tissue, nervous tissue, blood, con- nective tissue.

C.    nervous tissue, epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, connective tissue

      D.    epithelial tissue, connective tissue, adipose tissue, muscle tissue, nervous tissue.

80.  Epithelial and connective tissue differ from each other in which of the follow- ing characteristics?

      A.    epithelial tissue contains fibres but connective tissue does not.

B.    connective tissue is avascular but epithelial tissue is well-vascularised.

C.    cells in epithelial tissue are closely packed, whereas in connective tissue they are not.

D.    connective tissue includes tissue that makes up glands, but epithelial tissue does not occur in glands

81.  Which of the following is a component of the plasma membrane of a cell?

      A.    plasma

B.    glycolipid

C.    plasma proteins

D    D.    cholesterol

82.  What term is used to describe the movement of dissolved particles along (or down) their concentration gradient?

A.    endocytosis

B.    active transport

C.    osmosis

    D.    diffusion

83.  Which of the following molecules cannot pass through the plasma membrane?

A.    water molecules

B.    non-polar molecules

C.    amino acid based hormones

       D.    fat-soluble molecules

84.  Which of the following is a connective tissue?

      A.    pancreas

B.    spinal cord

C.    muscle

         D .    blood

85.       Which of the following is an epithelial tissue?

      A.    adipose tissue

B.    the adrenal gland

C.    the heart

      D.    blood

86.  What is the major component of the plasma membrane of a cell?

      A.    phospholipid

B.    glycolipid

C.    integral protein

      D.    cholesterol

87.        Which one of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

     A.    they form a structure called a glycocalyx

B.    they attach cells to each other

C.    they form passageways to allow solutes to pass through the membrane

    D.    they from receptors which can bind messenger molecules

88.      Facilitated diffusion through a membrane involves which of the following scenarios?

A.    the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane along its concentration gradient.

B.    the movement of a molecule against its concentration gradient with the expenditure of energy

C.    the plasma membrane surrounding (engulfing) the molecule & the molecule moving into the cell.

D.    a molecule binding to a receptor which moves the molecule through the membrane without the expenditure of energy

89.    The diffusion of water through a membrane is referred to as

      A.    secondary active transport

B.    bulk transport

C.    osmosis

    D.    endocytosis

90.  What is the tissue that covers the body surface and lines internal tubes called?

      A.    epithelial tissue

B.    connective tissue

C.    glandular epithelium

D.    muscle tissue

91.  Which of the following is true for connective tissue?

A.    it consists of ce lls, a basement membrane and intercellular matrix

B.    its cells are closely packed and held together by protein fibres.

C.    it has a high rate of cell division and no blood supply

D.    it is made of cells, protein fibres and ground substance

92.  The cell membrane’s resting potential (about −70 mV inside with respect to the outside) is due mainly to which of the following mechanisms?

     A.    The sodium potassium pump.

B.    The diffusion of cations and anions through the membrane along their con- centration gradients.

C.    The diffusion of sodium and potassium across the cell membrane.

     D.    The presence inside the cell of anions too large to passively cross the cell membrane.